Friday, December 27, 2019

Women in Combat Essay - 1217 Words

nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Women in Front Line Combat When it comes to combat assignments and the needs of the military, men take precedence over all other considerations, including career prospects of female service members. Female military members have been encouraged to pursue opportunities and career enhancement within the armed forces, which limit them only to the needs and good of the service due to women being not as â€Å"similarly situated† as their male counterparts when it comes to strength or aggressiveness, and are not able to handle combat situations. Women during wartime situations were so determined to participate in the defense of their country and their homes, they went from performing the traditional duties of cooking,†¦show more content†¦There were no established standards for measuring the strength and stamina of women, so women were being recruited for jobs that they could not physically perform. Eventually the utilization of women proved to be ineffective and lowered morale. During an interview with Major General Gene Deegan, the Commanding General at the Pariss Island Marine Corps Recruiting Depot. Deegan stated to the Presidential Commissioners on Assignment of Women in the Armed Forces, â€Å"If I were to maintain the same intensity for women in training as the male recruits, I would have a very difficult time recruiting any females†(Hoar 5). The physical capacity of men and women can be measured by the physical tests military members are required to take annually. Men are required to do 38 push-ups, while women have to do only 18. Men have to run 1.5 miles under 12 minutes, while women have an extra three minutes to complete the run. â€Å"The human body composition favors men when it comes to strength, explosive power, speed and throwing abilities, all these contributes are from nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Nathanson 3 their sizes, muscleShow MoreRelatedWomen in Combat1883 Words   |  8 PagesWomen in Combat Women in combat is an issue that I believe should be given a little more thought and attention. I personally feel that women should be allowed to be in ground combat operations if they desire to do so. I do not feel that it is fair to exclude someone from performing a job within the military simply due to their gender. I do feel that women who want to go to combat should be able to perform the same physical tasks as the men currently in those positions. This issue hits closeRead MoreWomen in Combat1316 Words   |  6 PagesI m an American soldier too Can a woman handle fighting in combat? Should women be able to come face to face with the enemy? Will women be able to control their emotions and take the horror that war inflicts? Should women be grateful that they are not included in such a terrible thing as combat, or is it wrong to exclude them just because they are women? I say if a woman chooses this kind of challenge, then she is more than capable. During the daring rescue of prisoner of war Jessica LynchRead More Women in Combat Essay1249 Words   |  5 PagesWomen in Combat   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Women have played a tremendous role in many countries armed forces from the past to the present. Women have thoroughly integrated into the armed forces; all positions in the armed forces should be fully accessible to women who can compete with men intellectually and physically. Yet, many argue that the distinction between combat and non-combat becomes blurred in the context of women warfare (Ladin; Holm, Hoar). In actuality, many women are assigned to jobs that willRead MoreEssay on Women in Combat1560 Words   |  7 PagesTherefore, the standards for enlisting in military combat positions are as high as possible to ensure that we can create soldiers that are effective as these â€Å"perfect-world† soldiers. There are obviously men and women who are not able to meet these standards, but there are definitely also men and women who are highly capable of meeting and/or exceeding these standards. While some individuals feel that the biological differences between men and women in combat would put our military at a disadvantage, evidenceRead MoreEssay On Women In Combat1782 Words   |  8 Pages316 October 22, 2017 Women in Combat Since before time, women have always had less power compared to men. Men have always been the ones who have had the power to make decisions, the power to incorporate new ideas, and have a powerful role within society. Unfortunately, in some countries, women are not valued enough nor respected. There have been many cases within some cultures that women live a life of misery because they don’t have freedom. However, in some countries women have gained the rightRead MoreEssay Women in Combat1323 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States military views its diverse force as one of its greatest assets. Senior Air Force leaders recognize the monumental contributions both men and women make in support of their country daily. Americans serving in any branch of service know it is not a nine-to-five job but rather a calling. It is about being a part of the Profession of Arms. Airmen are warriors. The third verse of the Air Force Airman’s Creed states, â€Å"I am an American A irman, Guardian of Freedom and Justice, My Nation’sRead MoreWomen In Combat Essay1777 Words   |  8 Pagespart of humanity almost as long as humanity itself. However, women at war have not been. History has many stories about exceptional women serving honorably on the battlefield. In many cases Women on the battlefield are liabilities. During World War II both the Soviets and Germans tried placing women on the front lines when they were desperate for fighting soldiers. Male troops forgot their combat responsibilities in order to protect the women fighting beside them. This made their units less effectiveRead MoreWomen Should Be Legal For Combat977 Words   |  4 PagesWomen should be allowed to serve in combat roles in the military Some argue that women should not serve in combat because; they have never served in any type of combat operations in the history of the American military. Positions in the military have been designed specifically for women and how they perform their duties. No evidence can be produced that women have the abilities, physical strength, or motivation to engage in combat operations, the physical differences from their male counterpartsRead MoreWomen in Combat Roles in the Military851 Words   |  3 PagesPhysical differences between men and women come up in careers such as the military. The military career requires great responsibility, dedication, and sacrifice. The key to achieving a good performance in this field is to have an excellent physical ability. Women with physical training can exceed men without physical training. In addition, women have to have great value to develop this type of careers. The equality and teamwork are two fundamental reasons too. Over the years, it has be en thoughtRead MoreWomen Serving For Combat Positions1464 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction/Objective: Women serving in combat positions has been a highly controversial topic and is openly criticized by many. The push for equality by allowing women to serve in combat positions is not just isolated to a few military branches of service. Secretary Carter stated, â€Å"For the first time in U.S. military history, as long as they qualify and meet specific standards, women will be able to contribute to the Defense Department mission with no barriers at all in their way.† (Pellerin

Wednesday, December 18, 2019

Preventing Mental Illness And Substance Abuse Found Among...

In interpreting the significance of the disproportionately high rates of mental illness and substance abuse found amongst Canada’s First Nations communities, it is critical to recognize that these groups have been long marginalized, and typically live in remote areas bereft of sophisticated and large-scale health service facilities (Gone Trimble, 2012). With this reality in mind, the implications of the statistics and analyses presented above demonstrate that a very significant degree of institutionalized oppression has served to bring about the contemporary condition of First Nations communities in relation to mental health. Given that the information presented above points to a highly significant and disproportionate health burden†¦show more content†¦In the second instance, and in a more systematic fashion, it is critical that Canada work to bring about anti-poverty endeavors to improve the quality of life of First Nations. In this regard, Gone (2013) proposes tha t because much of the poverty which runs rampant in First Nations communities is the product of decades of isolation and abuse by the Canadian government, it is critical that the latter engage in far more significant poverty alleviation programs, in line with CHNC (2011)’s standard of health restoration, throughout the country’s First Nations communities all the while enhancing the funding which it provides to healthcare institutions within these communities. In combining these two solutions, it thus becomes possible to attack the problems associated with disproportionately high mental health pathologies in these communities from all available angles. Combining these two interventions, the goal is thus to shift First Nations community members out of the poverty and other factors serving to perpetuate their oppression all the while bringing about additional resources to bear as it pertains to dealing with the

Tuesday, December 10, 2019

Poverty In Australia Essay Example For Students

Poverty In Australia Essay Australia- Trade and Immigration Background As Joycelynhas mentioned Australias having greater and greaterinteraction with its Asian neighbours, through the areas oftrade and its active role in the regional trade organization APEC. Despite its location, Australia can hardly be thoughtof being an Asian country. Not so long ago, Asian werelooked down upon, with a mixture of fear because of thecommunist aggression, pity because of their poverty, andcontempt, as they dumped cheap and poorly made productsto do Australian workers out of job. For decades, highprohibitive tariffs blocked the imports of Asian goods, and aWhite Australia policy fenced off Asian migrants. However,the situation is reversed in the past 2 decades. With EastAsia being the fastest growing economy, and thedevelopment of regional trade blocs in their traditionaltrading partners such as the EC and NAFTA that tend toemphasize internal trade, Asia becomes Australias singlemost promising opportunity. And now, Australia is eager tobe Asian. Trade (See overhead Exports) In 1994, some60% of Australias total exports equivalent to more than 60B A$ went to Asia. While Japan remains to be their largesttrading partner, S Korea replaced US to take the secondplace. But at the same time, Australias share of Asias totalimports is declining, down from 3% in 1985 to 2% in 95. The main reason is that Asian countries are trading moreamong themselves, and importing more hi-er value-addedproducts, rather than the common Australian exportedcommodities. However, steering towards value-addingindustries is not easy. Besides infrastructure and laborreform, Australian manufacturers will become head on withsome of Asias most efficient operations. Anyway, Australiahas shown its committment to free trading. The former Laborgovernment has committed to cutting the average tariff formost imports to 5% by 2000, compared to 20% in 1983. And the trend towards a more open economy will becontinued by the new Liberal-National govt. Most domesticbusiness will not survive under such open competition, butAustralia sees this as an opportunity to reshape itsmanufacturing base to become narrower and deeper, andmore competitive. They see an ideal picture of Australiaimporting cheap manufactured goods from Asia instead ofmaking expensive ones at home behind tariff, and Asiabuying mineral and food from them. Yet the Asiassuper-achievers have never been the faithful worshipper offree-trade. And Australia has found it hard to dismantle thebarriers to processed minerals and food in the Asianmarkets, and this impedes their development of value-addingindustries and job creation. But from the Asias pt of view,Australias tiny population of 17 M means little to the Asiangiants, for example when compared to Indonesias 180 M. A qoute from the Malaysian Info minister, Australia dependson Asia and not the other way around. may reflectsAustralias position, at least this is the way the Asians see it. Immigration (See Overhead Immigration) Another sign ofAustralias willingness to open is its generous immigrationpolicy. The # admitted stayed over 100,000 in the 80s, butwas cut back to 80,000 in 92. Most of them were fromAsia. Besides the categories of family reunion and refugee,Australia, like Canada, also attracted hundred of thousandsof skilled or business immigrants from Hong Kong wherepeople fled as the Chinese takeover approaches. Thesepeople brought in an enormous amt of capital, and alsoinitiated a boom in the real estate market. The proportion ofAustralian with Asian origins are expected to increase to 7%in 2000, as compared to 4% now. Most Australians feeluneasy about this sudden change in the ethnic mixtures oftheir countries, and opposing voices are high. Theunemployment figure is double digit already, and most of theimmigrants are unskilled since they were admitted for havingrelations in Australia. New policies call for lower # admitted,and more quotas given to people with skills and highereducation background. Australians are apprehensive aboutthe pace of Asian immigration, and tension is rising. Manycomplain that the new comers keep themselves separaterather than integrating into community life. But this requirescommittment from both sides, and its not easy to be doneright the way. Most of new comers have language problems,esp those came for family reunion. Australians on the otherhand, have little knowledge of other Asian cultures, andconflicts can occur easily due to misunderstanding. On theextreme side, fringe groups such as the neo-Nazi AustralianNationalist Movement and the League of Rights explicitlyclaimed that immigration was bad if it meant more Asians. .u2e8048b88a3272be4ca195c7a85d737c , .u2e8048b88a3272be4ca195c7a85d737c .postImageUrl , .u2e8048b88a3272be4ca195c7a85d737c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2e8048b88a3272be4ca195c7a85d737c , .u2e8048b88a3272be4ca195c7a85d737c:hover , .u2e8048b88a3272be4ca195c7a85d737c:visited , .u2e8048b88a3272be4ca195c7a85d737c:active { border:0!important; } .u2e8048b88a3272be4ca195c7a85d737c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2e8048b88a3272be4ca195c7a85d737c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2e8048b88a3272be4ca195c7a85d737c:active , .u2e8048b88a3272be4ca195c7a85d737c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2e8048b88a3272be4ca195c7a85d737c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2e8048b88a3272be4ca195c7a85d737c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2e8048b88a3272be4ca195c7a85d737c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2e8048b88a3272be4ca195c7a85d737c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2e8048b88a3272be4ca195c7a85d737c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2e8048b88a3272be4ca195c7a85d737c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2e8048b88a3272be4ca195c7a85d737c .u2e8048b88a3272be4ca195c7a85d737c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2e8048b88a3272be4ca195c7a85d737c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: AIDS And HIV EssayAnd the cases of racist violence is increasing. The last PMPaul Keating actually started some initiatives to narrow thegap between the local people and immigrants, such asintroducing Asian culture in the school curriculum. Aninteresting pt to note, the current PM Mr Howard publiclyopposed the multi-cultural policies, such as hiringinterpreters. His attitude can be constrasted to Canadawhich take pride in its multiculturalism, and well discuss itfurther later. Challenges So far it seems that Australia isheading in the right direction, but its successful integrationinto Asia wont be easy. Opposing forecs come bothexternally and internally. At home, few Aust ralians seethemselves as Asian. They already felt hostile about theJapanese investment in their real estate and tourism, andmore interaction with Asian countries is uneasy esp to manyold Australians. On the other side, after all these years ofisolation and avoidance of its Asian neighbours, Australiacan hardly convince its neighbours that its Asian. Insteadthey try to be an odd man among its neighbours, that is tointegrate fully into the economic life of the region, whilepreserving its western values. But from the Asian side, theymay not easily accept Australias western practices. Themain issue lies in the difference in their attitude towardsindividual freedom and respect of human rights. Take someexamples. Dr Mohammad resented that Australia refuse tocensor a tv program Embassy which he claimed wasmocking Malaysia. Australia also got into diplomaticproblems with certain authoritarian regimes for critizing theirbehaviors. Its relationship with Indonesia is always tense forits critic isms of Indonesia over human rights, corruption, andthe status of East Timor. Even Singapore didnt likeAustralias comment on its harrassment of the Asian Wall StJournal and other newspaper. As other Asian countries allshare similar culture and values, Australia with its westernnature would easily be labelled as intruder. And they allunderstand that Australias friendliness towards Asia iseconomically driven, it comes out of the mind, not the heart. Moreover, some of them even suspect it of acting as astalking horse for western interests. Malaysia proposed aregional East Asia Econ Caucus which will exclude the USand Australia, and this is clashing over with APEC in whichAustralia and US are active participant. So, how canAustralia manage its odd man role in the Asian region?Should it go for Multiculturalism or a melting pot policy likethe US? How can it balance its relationship with itsneighbours while preserving its western values?Category: History

Tuesday, December 3, 2019

To Speed Or Not To Speed Essay free essay sample

, Research Paper The popular film, # 8220 ; Top Gun # 8221 ; coined a phrase that reads # 8220 ; I feel the demand, the demand for speed. # 8221 ; Many drivers today would hold with that phrase. Speeding is one of the most common ways that people break the jurisprudence. When people break the jurisprudence there are unappetising effects. A hurrying ticket is an effectual signifier of subject: paying for a ticket, traffic school, and higher insurance rates. Paying for a hurrying ticket is an unpleasant experience. A ticket can be outrageously expensive depending on how fast you were rushing. Some provinces charge 10 to twenty dollars per stat mi an hr over the velocity bound. The somber-faced officer assigns you a twenty-four hours to look in tribunal, if you choose to contend the ticket instead than pay the mulct. Waiting in the somberness of the sun-vanquished courtroom to see the justice can be really near to a decease sentence. The delay is long, and the company can be scaring. We will write a custom essay sample on To Speed Or Not To Speed Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Once you have plead your instance, you by and large end up paying the overly big mulct. This lone leads to another line, and another delay. This has to be the most unpleasant portion of a hurrying ticket. In add-on, paying for traffic school is besides a disagreeable experience. If you waited to see the justice, you may be on your manner after paying the mulct. If the justice is sort, and offers a traffic school option, the unpleasantness continues. Normally the traffic school is no where Ne Ar to the courthouse, which causes you to seek to happen the it. The great experience of paying is near at manus after turn uping the sorrow-laden school. You must digest the tormenting nine hr class after paying for the privilege of go toing. This is a category most people would hold neer taken if given the opportunity. The unpleasantness associated with a hurrying ticket is about finished when you have completed the class. A reoccurring reminder of a old error is apparent in higher insurance rates. Most insurance companies feel that rushing tickets make person a higher hazard. So, to countervail the hazard they raise the premium. Which means it is more expensive to obtain insurance. If the insurance company decides to raise your rates by merely 10 dollars it can hold a permanent consequence. When the ticket falls off your drive, the record, normally in three to five old ages, you have spent more than one thousand dollars more than if you had non been rushing. The insurance company raises your rates with each ticket, until they cancel the policy. This alone makes it worthwhile to obey the jurisprudence. A hurrying ticket is an effectual signifier of subject, with tribunal, with traffic school, and with higher insurance rates. The hindrances for rushing are non wholly externally noticeable until you have been through the procedure. Once you have a hurrying ticket experience, you may be more careful to obey the jurisprudence.

Wednesday, November 27, 2019

Beavers essays

Beavers essays I don't think that beavers will overwhelm this area in the next fifty years, simply because of the fact that they destroy their own habitat as they live in it (Wessels 1997). I think that the population of beavers in this area may rise to fairly high levels, but I think that it will crash once the beavers have degraded too much of their surrounding habitats to survive the winter. I feel that the natural carrying capacity of any area is relatively small for beavers, because once they move away from an area, it will take years for that area to become an acceptable habitat again. I believe that we may be experiencing an upswing in beaver populations, but this will be followed by a population crash, which will be followed by a smaller upswing, then a smaller crash, etc. While it may take time before the beaver population is stabilized, I do think it will happen before we are overrun with them. I think the only reason that the beavers are doing so well now is because there were no beavers around for many years before them to degrade potential habitats. This means that every possible habitat location available to a beaver is as good (in the beaver's mind) as it is going to get. As the populations of beavers have been rising, they have been rapidly using up all of the areas they could, as quickly as possible. Because populations were so low and the habitats available were of such high quality, there was almost no intraspecific competition. Now, though, the beaver population has come near to or overshot the carrying capacity of the land. This is shown by the fact that beavers are building their lodges/dams later in the year as well as in sub-optimal habitats (Wessels 1997). One thing which I think will also help the reduction in beaver populations would be a removal of the ban on leg-holding traps (Bernados et al. 2004) in this area. If the populations of beavers are rising and we are worried ...

Saturday, November 23, 2019

A Quiz About Clarity

A Quiz About Clarity A Quiz About Clarity A Quiz About Clarity By Mark Nichol Writers usually don’t mean to be duplicitous when they write one thing when they mean another; it’s just that what they intended to communicate is not what they communicated. The following sentences demonstrate some of the types of misunderstandings that result from careless composition. Try your hand at repairing the damage, and then take a look at my solutions at the bottom of the page: 1. â€Å"The postwar suburban ideal was a Cadillac and a fur coat like a movie star.† 2. â€Å"His legacy was also one of social revolutionary, humanitarian, and artist.† 3. â€Å"A letter can be mailed via the Pony Express reenactors for the 1860 price of $5.† 4. â€Å"That established history is being challenged by a rare book collector and author, John Doe and Jane Smith.† 5. â€Å"Although DNA testing is highly effective, those involved in criminal investigations do not always use it because of its high cost.† Answers 1. The sentence implies that the ideal was ownership of two things: a Cadillac, and a fur coat that resembles a movie star. We know it means possessing a Cadillac and a fur coat, as movie stars were wont to do, but the sentence fails because it doesn’t explicitly state that. This revision does: â€Å"The postwar suburban ideal was driving a Cadillac and wearing a fur coat, like a movie star.† 2. The subject’s legacy cannot be that of someone with these identities, but it can be associated with that of such a person: â€Å"His legacy was that of a social revolutionary, humanitarian, and artist.† 3. The final phrase of this sentence lacks clarity. The point is that in 1860, sending a letter by Pony Express cost $5, and that today, for the same amount a more modest total than it was about 150 years ago one can send a letter on a commemorative ride carried out by reenactors. The sentence should be revised to make this relationship clearer: â€Å"A letter can be mailed via the Pony Express reenactors for the same fee it cost in 1860: $5.† 4. As written, this sentence suggests that the challenger is a book collector and author who is rare, and that the person’s name is John Doe and Jane Smith. Hyphenating rare and book to demonstrate that they team up to modify collector, and recasting the sentence to join each single epithet to the respective name, makes all clear: â€Å"That established history is being challenged by a rare-book collector, John Doe, and author Jane Smith.† 5. DNA testing is not always used of its high cost? Then why is it always used? Back up a little bit the sentence means that DNA testing’s high cost restricts the frequency of its use. This important distinction is conveyed with the simple reversal of two phrases and the insertion of a comma between them: â€Å"Although DNA testing is highly effective, because of its high cost, those involved in criminal investigations do not always use it.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How Many Tenses in English?50 Idioms About Fruits and VegetablesI wish I were...

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Large numbers of people living in regions conquered by Islam Essay

Large numbers of people living in regions conquered by Islam ultimately converted to that faith. Do these pacts suggest to you any possible reasons for some of those conversions - Essay Example Thesis statement: An analysis of two pacts, i.e., The Pact of Umar, 7th Century and The Pact of Umar, 9th Century, to unearth the reasons behind Islamic conquest and conversion to faith. Islam is a religion that cannot be separated from its military and political agenda, i.e., formation of Islamic world under Islamic rules. But in Europe, Islamic conquest was not easy because it resulted in a number of wars and bloodshed (Cappi 19). But in Syria and Palestine, Islamic conquest was an easy task. This proves that the spread of Islam in its initial stages was based upon its military power. Besides, militant nationalism and unending desire to spread Islam helped the Islamic rulers in the Middle East Asia to spread invade its neighboring nation states. So, it is utmost important to analyze the Pact of Umar, 7th Century and the Pact of Umar, 9th Century to unearth the scope of Islamic conquest, conversion to faith and the possible reasons for some of those conversions. The Pact of Umar was an agreement of peace between Muslims and Christians during the reign of Caliph Umar in 7th Century. Besides, this pact was applicable to the Syrian Christians aiming to mold later interaction between Muslims and Christians. Generally saying, this pact exposes the condition of Non Muslim believers under a Muslim ruler. The rapid expansion of Muslim rule from the Middle East to its neighboring regions helped the Muslim rulers to exert influence on Non-Muslim population. But they exploited this condition to impose more restrictions on Non-Muslim population. For instance, the Pact of Umar makes clear that the Syrians who believed in Christianity were forced to follow the rules and regulations put forth by Caliph Umar I. The Pact proves that the Christian community in Syria was under the control of Caliph Umar I. The main points in the pact prove that the Christians were not allowed to build or repair churches or monasteries in Syria. Besides, they were